Ultrasound Imaging of Tympanic Bulla and The Surrounding Structures in Donkey (Equus asinus)

Abstract

This study was carried out to describe the normal ultrasonographic appearance of the tympanic bullae and its surrounding structures in donkey. The present study was conducted on 10 clinically healthy and mature Egyptian donkeys of both sexes. For the bullae, brief anatomic reminders are first performed. Then, the scanning techniques and normal images are described. Ultrasonographic study of the retromandibular area showed a lot of landmarks which were detected in different positions. For bullae, the lateral approach using micro convex transducer at 6.6 MHz was used. Such approach gives adequate aquastic window for examination. The micro convex transducer at 6.6 MHz proofed to be the most suitable tool for complete evaluation of TB and the surrounding structures in donkeys.