Abstract
Chronic venous insufficiency is characterized by cutaneous alterations caused by venous hypertension; in severe forms, it progresses to lower limb ulcers. Lower limb varicose veins are the main cause of chronic venous insufficiency, and the classic treatment includes surgery and compressive therapy. Minimally invasive alternative treatments for varicose veins include new techniques such as venous thermal ablation using laser or radiofrequency. The use of different methods depends on clinical and anatomical factors. Ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy is the venous injection of sclerosing foam controlled by Doppler ultrasound. Sclerotherapy is very useful to treat varicose veins, and probably, is cheaper than other methods. However, until the present, it is the less studied method.
Highlights
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is characterized by cutaneous alterations caused by venous hypertension[1,2,3]
Most patients may benefit of compressive treatment that is recommended to open or healed varicose ulcer and is not indicated to patients with arterial obstruction
Foam sclerotherapy results In 2000, Cabrera et al.[74] published a retrospective study of 500 patients with great saphenous vein (GSV) reflux treated by ultra-sound guided foam sclerotherapy (UFS) and reported occlusion of 81% of treated veins
Summary
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is characterized by cutaneous alterations caused by venous hypertension[1,2,3]. Lower limb varicose veins are the most frequent cause of CVI4 and the most severe form of the disease is venous ulcer[5]. In patients with GSV reflux and intact deep venous system, surgery is efficient and indicated to avoid recurrence of varicose ulcer[5,54]. Worse surgical results are related to pre-operatory factors such as body mass index superior to 29kg/ m2, previous pregnancies, recurrent varicose veins, CVI with eczema and healed ulcers[60,61,62].
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