Ultrasound Guided Erector Spinae Block with Costotransverse Ligament Puncture Is More Effective than Erector Spinae Block Alone; Eight Cases for Oncologic Breast Surgery; A Brief Technical Report

Abstract

Objectives: Due to the complex breast innervation, postoperative analgesia after breast surgery is a challenge for the anesthesiologists. The erector spinae plane block (ESP) is a newly defined promising technique for this purpose. Since the description by Forero, ultrasound-guided erector spinae block (ESP) has performed for several surgeries for postoperative analgesia. Many regional methods pectoral nerve block (PECs), serratus plane block (SPB), were described in the literature for maintaining postoperative analgesia. Among all these regional anesthesia techniques, paravertebral block (PVB) is the most studied and found to be a valid regional technique for this purpose. Due to its anatomic proximity to the pleura and central neuraxial system, it’s also one of the most challenging techniques. Materials and Methods: Patients aged between 37 and 47 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II and scheduled for elective unilateral modified radical mastectomy (MRM) surgery without axillary lymph node dissection were enrolled to this case series. In this report, we describe a novel combination of ESP and simplified PVB block and its successful application in 8 cases of oncologic breast surgery. In our clinic, ESP block is performed for all oncological breast cases. Eight cases of MRM without axillary dissection were randomly selected by the same anesthesiologist (AS). 15 mL 0.25% bupivacaine was administered between the erector spinae muscles and the transverse process at the level of the 4th thoracal vertebra with the caudo-cranial approach. Additionally, the needle tip was directed to T4 superior costotransverse ligament, and the ligament was perforated at the top point where it attaches to the T4 transverse process. Results: The ESP block is used for a local anesthetic depot, as a safe and straightforward technique and costotransverse ligament puncture facilitates diffusion and ensures local anesthetic passage to the paravertebral area for thoracic postsurgical analgesia. Using lower doses, comparing this combination with all studies with ESP, it appears that there are a better Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) scores in the first postoperative hours. NPRS scores at the 12th and 24th hours appear to be similar to those performed in ESP without costotransverse ligament puncture. Conclusion: We submit the first description of a novel combination of ESP block and simplified paravertebral block (PVB) and its successful application in 8 cases of oncologic breast surgery.