Ultrasound assisted synthesis of silver titanate for the differential pulse voltammetric determination of antibiotic drug metronidazole

Abstract

Highly electroactive transition metal oxides have been received great potential in antibiotic drug electrochemical sensors due to excellent features including ease of preparation, a large number of active sites, good conductivity , high stability, and selectivity . In this work, the perovskite-type silver titanate (Ag 2 TiO 3 ) was synthesized by ultrasound-assisted coprecipitation method. The structural and morphology were examined using typical analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometry , field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyzes confirmed the purity and the chemical composition of as-prepared Ag 2 TiO 3 . The Brunauer−Emmett−Teller analysis (BET) of as-synthesized Ag 2 TiO 3 displayed a specific surface area of 48.485 m 2 g −1 resulted in improved charge transfer resistance (R ct ) of 695 Ω. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis revealed the superior electrochemical performance of Ag 2 TiO 3 than other electrodes towards metronidazole (MTZ) detection. Under optimized differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) studies, the modified electrode exhibits a wide linear range of 0.1–104.3 μM with the lowest detection limit of 0.011 μM and a sensitivity of 0.371 μA μM −1 cm −2 . Furthermore, the fabricated sensor displayed excellent cyclic stability, reproducibility, repeatability, and noticeable selectivity in potentially effective interfering compounds for the detection of MTZ. The constructed electrode delivered good sensitivity to MTZ in urine and tablet with acceptable recoveries. Schematic diagram of as-synthesized Ag 2 TiO 3 towards electrochemical sensing of MTZ. • Perovskite-type Ag 2 TiO 3 was prepared by a simple ultrasonication method. • The as-synthesized Ag 2 TiO 3 modified electrode was optimized for the loading catalyst, pH, scan rate, peak current, and peak potential at the electrochemical determination of MTZ. • The fabricated sensor shows an extensive linear response from 0.1 to 104.3 μM with a low detection limit of 0.011 μM. • MTZ was successfully applied in real samples with good sensitivity and appropriate results.