Abstract
In this study, two types of antibacterial montmorillonites (Mt) were prepared using a facile method. The Mt modified with ε-polylysine hydrochloride (ε-PL) was named PL-Mt, while the Mt dually modified with dioctadecyl dimethylammonium chloride (D1821) and ε-PL was named PL-OMt. The results of the X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the PL-Mt indicated that 30% ε-PL was the most suitable amount for intercalating the Mt. The particle size and distribution of the ε-PL in the solution demonstrated that the Mt d-value could not be further increased owing to the increasing ε-PL diameter. The result of the X-ray diffraction of PL-OMt displayed that ultrasonic treatment at 600 W facilitated ε-PL to intercalate into the OMt interlayer space. The PL-OMt prepared with ultrasonic treatment at 600 W exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis superior to that of the PL-OMt prepared with higher-power ultrasonic treatment. Thus, the addition of 30% ε-PL based on the dry Mt mass is the most suitable ratio for preparing PL-Mt, while ultrasonic treatment at 600 W is the most suitable for preparing PL-OMt. These findings may expand the application fields of ε-PL.
Highlights
Montmorillonite (Mt), which is a type of 2:1 layered silicate, is widely used owing to its environmentally friendly nature, natural abundance, low cost and unique structure and properties [1,2,3,4].In recent years, Mt has attracted increasing attention, in enhancing mechanical, barrier and optical properties [5,6], and in acting as a carrier of antibacterial agents in biopolymers for food packaging [7]
The aim of this study was to (1) prepare two types of antibacterial Mt, where one is PL-Mt (Mt modified with ε-polylysine hydrochloride (ε-PL)), and another is PL-organic modified Montmorillonite (OMt) (Mt dually modified with D1821 and ε-PL, assisted by ultrasound treatment), and (2) to investigate the structures and physicochemical properties of PL-Mt and PL-OMt, and (3) to compare the antibacterial activities of these two types of antibacterial Mt
The results demonstrated that the Mt had a stability than the ε-PL, and the mass loss of the the mass
Summary
Mt has attracted increasing attention, in enhancing mechanical, barrier and optical properties [5,6], and in acting as a carrier of antibacterial agents in biopolymers for food packaging [7]. Lavorgna [8] prepared multifunctional bionanocomposites by loading the chitosan matrix with silver-Mt antimicrobial nanoparticles obtained by replacing the Na+ ions of raw Mt with Ag+ ions. Makwana [9] investigated the effects of silver-modified Mt on the physical, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of carboxymethylcellulose bionanocomposite films. Nouri [7] prepared Mt−copper oxide nanocomposites to enhance the optical, mechanical and antibacterial properties of chitosan films. Metals or metal oxides have strong antibacterial activity, the possible side effects of silver nanoparticles on human health are mostly
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