Abstract
Modification of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) to soluble dietary fiber (SDF) improves not only the various health benefits but also the functional properties for improved product development. This research aimed to examine the effects of sonication treatment on the functional and physicochemical properties with possible structural changes in chia seeds dietary fiber. Central composite design was applied to optimize the sonication treatment process (amplitude 55%, time 20 min, and temperature 40°C) based on the oil holding capacity (OHC) and water holding capacity (WHC) as responses. Under these optimum conditions, ultrasound-treated IDF exhibited better functional and physicochemical properties such as OHC, WHC, glucose adsorption capacity (GAC), and water retention capacity (WRC) than untreated IDF. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy further confirmed the structural changes in treated and untreated IDF to explain the changes in the studied parameters.
Highlights
Dietary fiber (DF) has intrigued researchers’ interest due to its numerous health benefits [1]
Dietary fiber is typically classified into two types: insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) such as pentosans, pectin, gums, and mucilage [9]
The solution was heated for 10 min at a high temperature and centrifuged at 4500 × g for 15 minutes (Heraeus Megafuge 8R, USA). e precipitate was collected and washed with 78 and 95 percent ethanol. e remaining portion (IDF) was dehydrated in a hot air oven overnight at 60°C and was kept safe for further use
Summary
Dietary fiber (DF) has intrigued researchers’ interest due to its numerous health benefits [1]. The activities of some bacterial enzymes (e.g., β-D-glucuronidase, β-D-glucosidase, ureases, and mucinase) in the hindgut and faeces are linked with damaged intestinal barrier function [4]. Because these bacterial enzymes are active components of intestinal bacteria that can release active metabolites, they may impair gastrointestinal function and increase the risk of colon carcinogenesis. It has been demonstrated in numerous studies that dietary fiber can successfully reduce these bacterial enzymes, while maintaining intestinal function and health [5, 6]. The most consistent definition that is accepted is from Trowell et al “Dietary fiber consists of remnants of plant cells resistant to hydrolysis (digestion) by the alimentary enzymes of man [8].” Based on water solubility, dietary fiber is typically classified into two types: insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, and soluble dietary fiber (SDF) such as pentosans, pectin, gums, and mucilage [9]
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