Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Specific Phenolic Compounds from Petroselinum crispum Leaves Using Response Surface Methodology and HPLC-PDA and Q-TOF-MS/MS Identification

Abstract

Petroselinum crispum is native to the Mediterranean region and has been reported to contain several phenolic compounds in addition to the highest quantity of apigenin among several natural raw materials. The aim of the present study was to establish an extraction method for the most abundant phenolic compounds of Petroselinum crispum leaves by using response surface methodology. A Box–Behnken design was applied to optimize the extraction conditions with regards to the extraction time, temperature, solvent mixture, and sample to solvent ratio with the use of ultrasound-assisted extraction. An analytical HPLC-PDA methodology was developed to accurately quantify the phenolic compounds in the extracts. Identification of the most abundant phenolic compounds (luteolin, caffeic acid, and apigenin) was also performed with an UPLC-Q-TOF MS methodology. The predicted optimal conditions of the statistical model were identified, and the predicted values confirmed. Actual values of 23.92 ± 1.86 with 100 mL/g, 40% ethanol, 70 °C and 40 min, 19.10 ± 0.75 with 20 mL/g, 0% ethanol, 70 °C and 40 min, and 25.29 ± 1.82 μg/g dry parsley with and 100 mL/g, 0% ethanol, 25 °C and 40 min of luteolin, caffeic acid, and apigenin respectively, were estimated. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activities by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC assays were performed for the extracts. The extracts acquired under the optimum conditions contain an adequate quantity of phenolic compounds that could be used in the production of functional foods by food enrichment prcedure.