Ultrasound assisted extraction of phytochemicals from Coccinia indica fruits and its characterization

Abstract

Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) technique was employed for the extraction of phytochemicals from Coccinia indica fruit. Twenty-two compounds were identified post extraction process by GCMS analysis. Temperature, time of extraction, solvent concentration and solid-solvent (SS) ratio were considered as important process parameters for UAE. Response surface method was applied for optimizing the extraction process. The study focussed on the yield of extract, antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), total phenolic content and total flavonoid content as the dependent variables. The optimum values of process parameters were obtained to be 30 °C temperature, 42 min of extraction time, 63% solvent (ethanol) concentration and SS ratio of 1:60. At these optimum conditions, the extract yield was 18.58%. The DPPH activity of 83.42%, 27.18% ABTS radical scavenging ability, 12.82 mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g of phenolic content and 79.81 mg Rutin equivalent (RE)/g of flavonoid content were obtained. Major compounds identified by GCMS were rutin, naringenin, apigenin and kaempferol. Resveratrol was also identified in the extract of C. indica fruits.