Abstract
In the present work, a ultrasound-assisted emulsification dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplet method has been developed as a sample preparation method prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometry determination of trace amounts of gold in the standard, wastewater and river water samples. In the proposed method, 1-dodecanol and 5-(4-dimethylamino-benzylidene) were used as extraction solvent and chelating agent, respectively. Several factors that may be affected on the ex-traction process, such as type and volume of the extraction solvent, ionic strength, pH of the aqueous solu-tion, extraction temperature and extraction time were studied and optimized. Under the best experimental conditions, the calibration curve exhibited linearity over the range of 8.0 ng●mL-1- 3.0 µg●mL-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9978 and detection limit based on three times the standard deviation of the blank signal was 1.5 ng●mL-1. Eight replicate determinations of 0.2 and 1.0 μg●mL-1 of gold gave a mean absorbance of 0.051 and 0.253 with relative standard deviations of ±2.3% and ±1.5%, respectively. Finally, the developed method was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of gold ions in a silica ore, wastewater, river water and standard samples and satisfactory results were obtained.
Highlights
Gold belongs to the group of elements which occur on the Earth in very low natural contents
Selection of the extraction solvent is important in the optimization of ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME)-SFO conditions
The results were shown that both of solvent are suitable for extraction of gold. 1-undecanol is more expensive than 1-dodecanol (DOD), DOD was selected as the extraction solvent in the subsequent experiments
Summary
Gold belongs to the group of elements which occur on the Earth in very low natural contents. It is well known that gold is one of the most interesting micro amount elements due to its significant role on biology, environment and industry. It could be used as a drug in the supervised therapy of arthritis and cancer [2] in the forms of different Au(I) and. Au(III) compounds, or in radiotherapy of cancer in the form of radioactive isotope 198Au. it could be very toxic for human, animal and plants and account as a pollutant, because of its inhibiting effect upon the activity of many enzymes and its preventing effect upon the DNA separation [2]. Spectrometric methods [1], UV-Vis spectrophotometry [2,3], electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry [4], inductively coupled plasma combined with optical emission spectrometry [5,6] or mass spectrometry [7] and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) have been proposed for AJAC
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