Abstract
Ultrasound guidance has been demonstrated to improve block characteristics in children including shorter block performance time, higher success rates, shorter onset time, longer block duration, less volume of local anesthetic agents and visibility of neuraxial structures. Clinical studies in children suggest that ultrasound guidance has some advantages over more traditional nerve stimulation-based techniques for regional block. However, the advantage of ultrasound guidance on safety over traditional has not been adequately demonstrated in children except ilio-inguinal blocks. There are only a limited number of randomized control trails in children comparing ultrasound guided peripheral nerve block with other techniques. Available evidence in children demonstrates that ultrasound guided peripheral nerve blocks improve the quality, onset, duration and success rate of nerve blocks and help to lower the local anesthetic volume needed to perform blocks.
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