Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition characterized by the thickening of the endometrium, which is the lining of the uterus. This thickening is caused by an increased number of endometrial glands relative to the stroma. The condition is often due to prolonged exposure to estrogen without the counterbalancing effect of progesterone. Types of Endometrial Hyperplasia: Simple Hyperplasia (without atypia): Increased number of glands that are cystically dilated.Minimal risk of progression to endometrial carcinoma. Complex Hyperplasia (without atypia): Increased number of glands with crowding and branching.Slightly higher risk of progression to cancer compared to simple hyperplasia. Simple Hyperplasia (with atypia): Cellular abnormalities (atypia) in glandular cells.Higher risk of progressing to endometrial cancer. Complex Hyperplasia (with atypia): Significant glandular crowding and branching, with cellular atypia.Considered precancerous, with a substantial risk of progression to carcinoma. Objective: To identify the clinical factors and sonographic results related to EH in premenopausal and perimenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A prospective case–control study was done in the department of radiodiagnosis in diagnostic center in the field of Jung Ludhiana (Punjab). It was cross-sectional form of study control conducted over a span of 4.5 months (October 15, 2022–March 5, 2023). Results and Discussion: Twenty patients were premenopausal, and 18 were postmenopausal. TVS reported EH in 12 cases and pelvic USG shows 11 cases pathology results showed EH in 6 cases including simple cystic hyperplasia in 5 cases atypical, simple hyperplasia in 4 cases, and complex hyperplasia. Among these 38 cases, EH was confirmed by pathology in cases. Conclusion: EH is more common in women with postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial hypertrophy, especially when the endometrial image is nonhomogeneous and irregular.
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