Abstract
Ultrasonographic study was undertaken to establish the echogenecity and size of reproductive organs of 18 cycling buffaloes of different parities and compared with the sizes measured by palpation per rectum at estrus (day 0), met estrus (day 2), mid diestrus (day 10) and late diestrus (day 16). The overall mean size of cervix, uterine body, right horn, left horn, right ovary and left ovary measured by palpation per rectum were 2.70±0.43, 2.36±0.36, 2.17±0.37, 2.12±0.38, 2.63±0.41 and 2.72±0.37 cm, respectively. The corresponding ultrasonographic observations were 2.10±0.40, 1.85±0.30, 1.73±0.36, 1.64±0.37, 2.16±0.36 and 2.29±0.38 cm respectively. Variations in the size of genitalia due to stages of estrous cycle were non-significant. The size of genitalia measured by palpation per rectum was significantly higher (p<0.05) than by ultrasonography. However, there was linear positive correlation (r=+0.87) in the measurements by the two techniques. The ultrasonographic characteristics of tubular genitalia revealed different echogenic gray shades around the nonechogenic (black) central area of lumen depending upon the stage of cycle. The ovarian stroma appeared as hyperechoic (white) area with nonechogenic (black) follicle. The corpus luteum (CL) exhibited different echogenic texture viz. grayish black, grayish granular and grayish white at met estrus, mid diestrus and late diestrus, respectively. Therefore, ultrasonography can be effectively employed to record the exact size and echotexture of the buffalo genitalia during different stages of estrous cycle. (Asian- Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 7 : 919-923)
Highlights
Buffalo is the principal dairy animal of India
The observations on the size of genitalia, measured by palpation per rectum or by ultrasonography were in close agreement with the findings of Luktuke and Rao (1962), Bhalla et al (1964), Dobson and Kamonpatana (1986) on slaughterhouse genitalia
The tubular genitalia were largest at estrus than in other stages, these size variations were statistically nonsignificant (Table 1)
Summary
Buffalo is the principal dairy animal of India. The estrous cycle length in buffalo is 18 to 22 days (Hafez, 2000), which comprised of proestrus (2 to 3 days), estrus (17 to 24 h), met estrus (2 to 3 days) and diestrus (12 to days). Changes therein due to various physiological or pathological conditions may affect the functional status Pathological lesions such as congenital abnormalities, tumors, cysts and inflammatory conditions alter the shape and performance of genitalia (Sane et al, 1964), the exact knowledge of which is very essential for undertaking corrective measures to optimize the reproductive performance. Ultrasonography is more accurate and reliable technique for diagnosing various ovarian structures than per rectal palpation (Ribadu et al., 1994; Hanzen et al, 2000). The present study was undertaken to determine the correlation between measurements of the buffalo reproductive tract by ultrasonography and per rectal palpation and to establish the echogenic characteristics of uterine and ovarian structures
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