Ultrasonographic and laboratory markers of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract

To evaluate whether the presence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) alters multiple ultrasonographic and laboratory markers of metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk in obese women without any other health condition that could interfere with combined oral contraceptive (COC) eligibility criteria. This was a case-control study evaluating 90 obese women (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30.0 kg/m(2) and < 40 kg/m(2)) aged between 18 and 40 years without any other health condition that could interfere with COC eligibility criteria, of whom 45 had PCOS and 45 were age-matched controls. BMI, waist and hip circumference, arterial blood pressure, fasting insulin and glucose, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, free androgen index (FAI), carotid stiffness index, intima media thickness, flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) of the brachial artery and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were assessed. In women with PCOS, we observed a higher frequency of NAFLD (73.3 vs. 46.7%, P < 0.01) and higher FAI (10.4 vs. 6.8%, P < 0.01). We also observed a trend towards increased insulin levels (10.06 ± 6.66 vs. 7.45 ± 5.88 µIU/mL, P = 0.05), decreased QUICKI (0.36 ± 0.06 vs. 0.39 ± 0.07, P = 0.05) and decreased FMD (7.00 ± 3.87 vs. 8.41 ± 3.79%, P = 0.08). No other significant difference was observed. NAFLD is frequent in obese women without any other health condition that could interfere with COC eligibility criteria, especially in those with PCOS. This should be considered when choosing the best contraceptive option.