Ultrasonication induced synthesis of TPGS stabilized clove oil nanoemulsions and their synergistic effect against breast cancer cells and harmful bacteria

Abstract

The present work reports the fabrication of TPGS assisted clove oil in water nanoemulsion for the delivery of polyphenolic nutraceuticals i.e. curcumin and resveratrol and the analysis of their synergetic healing potential. The fabrication procedure was undertaken by the use of high energy ultrasonic cavitation technique. The morphological and rheological properties of the fabricated systems were analyzed and optimized using numerous techniques. The current study throws light on the influence of surfactant type and composition on the mixing stability of oil phase. Both curcumin and resveratrol were effectively loaded in the nanoemulsion, and their loading efficiencies were found to be 99.87 and 99.38%, respectively. The study was undertaken with the aim of exploring the versatile therapeutic potential by elevating the established antimicrobial activity of curcumin and resveratrol and testing their prospects against breast cancer cell lines. The results demonstrated the antimicrobial activity of nanoemulsion (without nutraceuticals) itself against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria owing to the clove oil which would be an asset in accomplishing better results. In combination with curcumin and resveratrol, it exhibited enhanced effect against different bacterial strains thus showcasing an increase in its efficacy. Furthermore, the anti-tumor activity of prepared formulations has been tested on MDA MB −231 and Hep G2 breast cancer cell lines to broaden the horizons of biological applications of the formulated system.