Abstract
The sulfur-doped carbon nitride/cobalt ferrite nanocomposite (SCN/CoFe2O4) was prepared via ultrasonication and studied for the sonocatalytic degradation of wastewater organic dye pollutants including methylene blue, rhodamine B, and Congo red. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence and atomic ratios of S, C, N, Co, Fe, and O elements and their corresponding bonds with Co2+ and Fe3+ cations. The nanocomposite was found to have aggregated nanoparticles on a sheet-like structure. The bandgap energy was estimated to be 1.85 eV. For the sonocatalytic degradation of 25-ppm methylene blue at 20 kHz, 1 W and 50% amplitude, the best operating condition was determined to be 1 g/L of catalyst dosage and 4 vol % of hydrogen peroxide loading. Under this condition, the sonocatalytic removal efficiency was the highest at 96% within a reaction period of 20 min. SCN/CoFe2O4 outperformed SCN and CoFe2O4 by 2.2 and 6.8 times, respectively. The SCN/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite was also found to have good reusability with a drop of only 7% after the fifth cycle. However, the degradation efficiencies were low when tested with rhodamine B and Congo red due to difference in dye sizes, structural compositions, and electric charges.
Highlights
The r1is. kInotfroednuvcirtoionnmental pollution has increased rapidly due to the industrial and economic development
For synthesizing the Sulfur doped g-C3N4 (SCN)/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite, 0.5 g of SCN was taken in 50 mL water and stirred for 15 min
Organic dye removal in aqueous solutions was analyzed in the presence of SCN/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite using the ultrasonication method at 20 kHz, 1 W, 50% amplitude, and pulse every 2s [31]
Summary
The r1is. kInotfroednuvcirtoionnmental pollution has increased rapidly due to the industrial and economic development. ZnS-NPs-AC, TiO2, MgO ZnO, ZnS, Cu2S, CdS, MIL-101(Cr)/RGO/ZnFe2O4 and CoFe2O4@ZnS have been used for sonocatalytic degradation of organic dyes [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22]. Little attention has been focused on SCN to investigate the sonocatalytic degradation of organic dyes [26,28]. The sonocatalytic performance of SCN/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite for degrading the organic wastewater dye pollutants including methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), and Congo red (CR) was evaluated. The sonocatalytic activities of pure SCN and CoFe2O4 were carried out under the same conditions for a comparative study
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