Abstract
Pickering emulsions are made of solid particle-stabilized droplets suspended in an immiscible continuous liquid phase. A magnetic emulsion can be obtained using magnetic particles. Solid magnetic nanoparticles are adsorbed strongly at the oil-water interface and are able to stabilize emulsions of oil and water. In this work emulsions stabilized by magnetite nanoparticles were obtained using high-energy ultrasound waves and a cavitation mechanism and, next, their stability in time was tested by means of acoustic waves with a low energy, without affecting the structure. An acoustic study showed high stability in time of magnetic emulsions stabilized by magnetite particles. The study also showed a strong influence of an external magnetic field, which can lead to changes of the emulsion properties. It is possible to control Pickering emulsion stability with the help of an external stimulus—a magnetic field.
Highlights
Emulsions are a mixture of two immiscible liquids in which one of the phases is dispersed in the other phase as droplets [1]
Solid particles function in a similar way to surfactant molecules but certain differences in behavior are inevitable; for example, particles do not assemble into aggregates in the same way that surfactant molecules form micelles so solubilization phenomena are absent in the case of particles [4]
Solid particles exhibit partial wettability in each of the colloid phases, which is a requirement for the creation of an emulsion; the particles reduce the free energy of the fluid-fluid interface and become kinetically trapped
Summary
Emulsions are a mixture of two immiscible liquids in which one of the phases is dispersed in the other phase as droplets [1]. These emulsions are widely used across many different industries, including plastics and polymers, road surfacing, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints, detergents, and foods [2] Another method of emulsion stabilization is the use of solid particles. Already in 1907, Pickering showed that the adsorption of solid particles on the surface of droplets can effectively stabilize an emulsion [3]. That study of the effect of high frequency ultrasounds on the formation of oil emulsions droplets showed a decrease in the size oil of particle formed due to the deformation and breakage of oil droplets during the propagation of an acoustic wave [18]. An acoustic method was used for monitoring the stability of an emulsion stabilized by solid magnetic particles for a long time. The study has shown the studied emulsions can be categorized as mixtures with magnetic fieldcontrollable properties
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