Abstract
NiOx is one of the most promising choices for hole transporting layer in p-i-n structure perovskite solar cells for its negligible hysteresis, impressive stability and hole extraction efficiency. However, traditional sol-gel process leaves resulted NiO thin film with pin-holes and flawed contacts between NiO layer and FTO electrode below. Herein, ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique is introduced for the preparation of continuous, pin-hole free NiOx film for the application in perovskite solar cells. The concurrently sprayed and pyrolyzed NiO film exhibits supreme contact bridging FTO substrate and light-harvesting perovskite layer. As a result, solar cells based on ultrasonic-sprayed NiO thin film demonstrates enhanced power conversion efficiency 27% higher than sol-gel prepared scenario. Electrical and morphological studies are carried out and it is found that improved conductivity, reduced pin-holes and improved perovskite growth are three main reasons reducing unfavored charge transfer processes in the operation of solar cell.
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