Abstract
A rapid and effective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method was developed for the determination of five anthraquinones (emodin, physcion, aloe-emodin, rhein, and chrysophanol) in Polygonum multiflorum. The target compounds were ultrasonically extracted with 70% methanol, followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) with HC-C18 and desorption with acetonitrile. The five anthraquinones were separated on an ACQUITY UPLC® HSS T3 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.8 μm) and detected by a photodiode array detector (PDA) at 254 nm. Under the optimized conditions, linear relationships were achieved in the range of 0.3~100 mg/L for emodin, 0.3~40 mg/L for physcion, 0.1~20 mg/L for aloe-emodin, and 0.05~20 mg/L for rhein and chrysophanol. The limits of detection of the five analytes ranged from 0.01 to 0.08 mg/L, and the recoveries were within the range of 82.8~118.4% with an RSD (n = 6) of 1.0~10.3%. The intra-day and inter-day precision (n = 5) of the five targets were in the range of 1.0~1.8% and 3.0~3.1%, respectively. Furthermore, this method was applied to analyses of Polygonum multiflorum samples collected from different regions in China with satisfactory results. All the results indicated that this method is suitable for the detection of five anthraquinones in Polygonum multiflorum.
Highlights
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralPolygonum multiflorum, usually known as “Heshouwu” in China and “Foti” in NorthAmerica and East Asia, is a perennial vine-like herb of the family Polygonaceae, and it was officially listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and noted 1200 years ago, in the Tang dynasty, for its medicinal values [1]
The average recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) (n = 6) of each compound are presented in with RSDs (n = 6) ranging from 1.0% to 10.3%. These results indicate that this method is accurate and reliable and can be used to determine the five anthraquinones in Polygonum multiflorum
The procedure began with sample ultrasonic extraction using 70% methanol, followed by dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) purification using an HC-C18 adsorbent prior to analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutralPolygonum multiflorum, usually known as “Heshouwu” in China and “Foti” in NorthAmerica and East Asia, is a perennial vine-like herb of the family Polygonaceae, and it was officially listed in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and noted 1200 years ago, in the Tang dynasty, for its medicinal values [1]. Numerous pharmacological studies and clinical trials have demonstrated the biological activities of Polygonum multiflorum, including hair blackening activities, memory improvement, mitigation against other dysfunctions, anti-tumor activities, anti-inflammatory activities, anti-oxidation activities, anti-aging activities, lipid-lowering activities, immune regulation, and so on [2,3,4,5,6,7] It has been widely used as a medicine, and as a popular tonic food and beverage in Asia and many other countries as a result of the general population’s growing interests in phytonutrients and alternative medicines in recent decades [8]. Studies have shown that the antioxidant activity of Polygonum multiflorum was mainly attributed to with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
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