Ultrasonic radiation assisted synthesis of (CH3NH3)2CuCl4, CH3NH3PbCl3, and CH3NH3SnCl3 perovskites for energy application

Abstract

The present research provides an outline for the synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites such as (CH3NH3)2CuCl4, CH3NH3PbCl3, and CH3NH3SnCl3 by using Ultrasonic radiation assisted method. An X-ray diffraction study reveals the presence of crystalline phase in the Cu, Pb and Sn based perovskites. The optical and electrical properties were carefully examined using UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The optical band gaps of the synthesized sample were estimated using Tauc's plot. The current-voltage characteristics of all the samples demonstrate increase in photocurrent under UV light compared to darkness. The findings indicated that the addressed samples are improved in the visible absorption region and were in good agreement with earlier research. The photo-induced mechanisms that result in the remarkable charge separation efficiency of these materials are fundamental properties that provide insight into the special features of such a material which has driven this to the forefront of photovoltaic research.