Abstract
Ultrasonic pulses propagating along the rolling surface of used railroad rail were observed to have two distinct arrivals. One arrival corresponded to the expected Rayleigh wave. The other, travelling just ahead of the Rayleigh wave, could not be identified as either a pure shear or dilatational wave. An analysis of the material properties in the rail head showed differences between the cold-worked layer on top of the rail and the underlying structure. The observed condition of a low-velocity layer over a high-velocity substructure was found to satisfy the requirements for the propagation of the M/sub 2/ (Sezawa) shear wave mode. Experimental data and solutions to the governing wave equation showed that the early arrival was the M/sub 2/ mode. The cause of the shear wave velocity reduction in the cold-worked zone was investigated. Results showed that a material texture having the (531) crystallographic plane parallel to the rolling plane and the (112) crystallographic direction parallel to the rail axis was the most probable cause of the velocity reduction.
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