Ultrasonic mediated dual-site phase transfer catalyzed polymerization of N-butenyl isatin in two phase system- a kinetic study

Abstract

Use of ultrasound as an additional source for promoting polymerization reactions has gained great attention. Phase transfer catalyst (PTC) along with ultrasonication in polymerization process is an attractive methodology to achieve good yield and realizing principles of green chemistry. Herein, we reported the facile polymerization of synthesized novel N-butenyl isatin (NBI) at 60 ± 2 °C with and without ultrasonic irradiation (45 kHz; 550 W) using dual-site phase transfer catalyst (1, 4-bis (triethyl methyl ammonium) benzene dibromide, TEMABDB) and potassium peroxydisulphate (PDS or PPS) as initiator. Ultrasonication (US) promotes the formation of reactive radicals, which can be utilized effectively in phase transfer polymerization process. Hence, the rate was multi-folded (twice) in comparison with silent condition. The effect of sonication frequency and various reaction parameters on the polymerization process were investigated in both conditions. An enhancement of reaction rate under sonication was validated by activation parameter. Synthesized monomer and poly (N-butenyl isatin) was characterized by different spectral methods.