Abstract
A precise method for estimating the axial stress is proposed for a short and highly stressed bolts used for automobile. These bolts show non-linear extension for axial stress, because of local plastic deformation as well as non-uniform stress distribution in bolt cross section. The proposed method consists of (a) precise measurement of the time-of-flight of ultrasonic waves using a digital pulseecho technique, (b) construction of the calibration curves which take into account of non-linear extension due to non uniform stress distribution by simultaneous measurement of the axial elongation, time-of-flight of longitudinal and transverse waves and (c) estimating method of axial stress using the change in the time-of-flight and the assumed length of equally stressed parts. The axial stress is estimated within 1% error for one type bolts and within 2% error for another type bolts.
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