Abstract
Induction heating treatment (IHT) has recently been used to improve the bioactivity and biocompatibility of titanium and its alloys, greatly related to the formation of the nanoscale oxide coating. In this work, the effect of ultrasonic on the IHT oxidation behavior of pure titanium has been investigated. Ultrasonic-assisted IHT of pure titanium was carried out for 13, 20 and 25 s. Submicro-/nano-scale morphological coatings with rutile and anatase TiO2 were prepared on the surface of titanium substrates subjected to ultrasonic-assisted IHT. In particular, the TiO2 crystals were significantly refined by ultrasonic impact. An improvement in hydrophilicity and hardness of the oxide film was achieved by ultrasonic-assisted IHT. The refinement of TiO2 crystals is suggested to be caused by ultrasonic induced changes of energy, defect density and their correlation with diffusion of oxygen. The present study provides a potential method to refine the nanoscale oxide films on titanium substrates, which is promising for improving the wear resistance and bioactivity of titanium and its alloys.
Highlights
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in biomedical implant field due to their attractive properties including high strength, good biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance and moderate elastic modulus [1]
When the implant made of Ti6Al4V alloy is in contact with other metals, polyethylene or bone, the abrasion induced by relative motion at the interface can weaken the passivated titanium oxide, which results in debris and metal ions releasing
After Induction heating treatment (IHT) for 13–25 s, the diffraction peaks from titanium substrate are obviously observed from the XRD spectra
Summary
Titanium and its alloys are widely used in biomedical implant field due to their attractive properties including high strength, good biocompatibility, excellent corrosion resistance and moderate elastic modulus [1]. Cell-to-cell, cell-to-protein, and cellto-biological tissue interactions, such as surface sensing and recognition as well as signal transfer, occur at the molecular level in nanoscale [2,3,4,5]. The nanoscale feature of material surface has significant influence on cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo [6,7]. The nanoscale feature on implant surface can promote the adsorption of proteins and stimulate the osteogenic cell migration, leading to rapid osseointegration [8,9]. As a result, adding nanostructure on implant surface is expected to enhance osteoconductivity and early-stage osseointegration [10]. When the implant made of Ti6Al4V alloy is in contact with other metals, polyethylene or bone, the abrasion induced by relative motion at the interface can weaken the passivated titanium oxide, which results in debris and metal ions releasing
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