ULTRASONIC DISPERSION OF AGGREGATES: DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANIC MATTER IN SIZE FRACTIONS

Abstract

Aggregates (1–2 mm) from a soil under continuous corn management were subjected to a mild shaking treatment and ultrasonic energy levels ranging from 100 to 1500 J mL−1 water to determine the degree of aggregate disruption and dispersion. More clay- and fewer sand-size particles were recovered with greater amounts of applied energy indicating greater aggregate disruption and dispersion with higher energy levels. Most of the breakdown of sand-size aggregates occurred between energy levels of 300 and 500 J mL−1. Ultrasonic energy levels of 500 J mL−1 or greater were more effective than using 20% hydrogen peroxide plus 16 h of shaking in dispersing sand-size microaggregates. Surface area measurements of the clay indicated no severe fragmentation or alteration of primary particles had occurred. With increased applied ultrasonic energy and more complete dispersion, the amount of organic C recovered increased in the clay- and decreased in the sand-size fractions. At complete dispersion, there was no evidence of redistribution of organic matter by ultrasonification and the sand-, silt- and clay-size fractions contained 5, 30 and 60% of the soil organic C. Results of this study suggest that ultrasonic dispersion techniques can be used as a physical method to separate microaggregates from soil and thereby study the nature of organic matter within them. Key words: Ultrasonic dispersion methodology, aggregates, organic matter distribution, particle size fractions