Abstract
In this study, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles/acha waste composite (ZnO-NPs/acha waste) were synthesized via precipitation method to enhance the ultrasonic degradation of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution. The ZnO-NPs and composite were characterized using Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and were used for the ultrasonic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in aqueous solution. The operating parameters such as sonication time (20-60min), ultrasonic amplitude (20-100%), pH (2-10), initial CIP concentration (3.125-50 mg/L) and catalyst dosage (0.02-0.1g) were examined for ultrasound only, ultrasound/ZnO-NPs and ultrasound/ZnO-NPs/acha waste treatment methods. The degradation experiment showed that a maximum degradation of 97.0% was achieved by the ultrasound/ZnO-NPs/acha waste method within 40 min when compared with ultrasound only (39.0%) and the ultrasound/ZnO-NPs method (85.0%). Moreover, the kinetic study indicated that the degradation of CIP with ultrasound catalyzed with ZnO-NPs is 6.5 times faster in comparison to ultrasound only whereas, the use of ultrasound with ZnO-NPs/acha waste is 10.6 times faster. Therefore, the ultrasound/ZnO-NPs/acha waste method has proven to be effective for the removal of pharmaceuticals from wastewater.
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