Ultra-Small Superparamagnetic Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles Exert Different Effects on Erythrocytes in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats.

Jana Radosinska,Tomas Jasenovec,Angelika Puzserova,Jan Manka,Iveta Bernatova,Martin Skratek,Peter Balis,Dominika Radosinska

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9040377

Abstract

We determined erythrocyte physiological and biochemical properties after the single and repeated administration of ultra-small superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) in normotensive Wistar–Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. Polyethylene glycol-coated USPIONs (transmission electron microscope detected a mean size of ~30 nm and hydrodynamic size ~51 nm) were intravenously administered to rats either in one infusion at nominal dose 1 mg Fe/kg or in two infusions (administered with a difference of 24 h) at nominal dose 2 mg Fe/kg. Results showed that USPIONs did not deteriorate erythrocyte deformability, nitric oxide production, and osmotic resistance in both experimental settings. Both the single and repeated USPION administration elevated erythrocyte deformability in WKY. However, this effect was not present in SHR; deformability in USPION-treated SHR was significantly lower than in USPION-treated WKY. Nitric oxide production by erythrocytes was increased after a single USPION treatment in WKY, so it can be associated with improvement in erythrocyte deformability. Using biomagnetometry, we revealed significantly lower amounts of USPION-originated iron in erythrocytes in SHR compared with WKY. We found a much faster elimination of USPIONs from erythrocytes in hypertensive rats compared with the normotensive ones, which might be relevant for clinical practice in hypertensive patients undergoing clinical examination with the use of iron-oxide nanoparticles.

Highlights

Our results showed that PEGylated Fe3 O4 nanoparticles did not deteriorate RBC deformability either after single or repeated ultra-small superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs)
nitric oxide (NO) production was unchanged in RBCs after repeated USPION administration, which could be a result of the fact that the amount of USPION was considerably reduced in blood 24 h after administration
Our findings showed elevated RBC deformability in USPION-treated WKY rats in both experimental designs without significant sights of either worsened RBC function or damage to the organs in both WKY rats and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats

Summary

Introduction

Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant blood elements. Their main task is to secure the transport of respiratory gases from lungs to tissues and vice versa. In addition to this well-known function, RBCs participate in the regulation of vascular tone, redox balance [1], hemostasis, and thrombosis [2]. RBC deformability represents their ability to change the shape depending on blood flow without sustaining damage. This property is crucial when RBCs are passing through

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Discussion

Conclusion