Abstract
A simple method combing Mn2+ doping with a hierarchical structure was developed for the improvement of thin-film sensors and efficient detection of the explosives relevant to improvised explosive devices (IEDs). ZnS hierarchical nanospheres (HNs) were prepared via a solution-based route and their sensing performances were manipulated by Mn2+ doping. The responses of the sensors based on ZnS HNs towards 8 explosives generally increase firstly and then decrease with the increase of the doped Mn2+ concentration, reaching the climate at 5% Mn2+. Furthermore, the sensory array based on ZnS HNs with different doping levels achieved the sensitive and discriminative detection of 6 analytes relevant to IEDs and 2 military explosives in less than 5 s at room temperature. Importantly, the superior sensing performances make ZnS HNs material interesting in the field of chemiresistive sensors, and this simple method could be a very promising strategy to put the sensors based on thin-films of one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures into practical IEDs detection.
Highlights
Amount of organic solvents, such as chloroform and oleylamine
ZnS hierarchical nanospheres (HNs) with different Mn2+ doping concentrations were fabricated into a sensory array, achieving the rapid, sensitive and recognizable detection towards vapors of the analytes relevant to improvised explosive devices (IEDs), such as urea, urea fertilizer (UF), black powder (BP), potassium permanganate (PP), sulphur powder (SP), and potassium nitrate (PN), as well as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2, 4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT) at room temperature
The morphology and size of the as-prepared Mn2+:ZnS HNs were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Summary
Amount of organic solvents, such as chloroform and oleylamine. Three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures containing ordered NWs are promising candidates for building thin-film sensors due to the efficient exposure of NWs and the excellent charge transport property[8]. To date, no successful attempt to construct 3D hierarchical structure for chemiresistive detection of vapor phase explosives has been reported. It is reported that the fluorescent detection of military explosives, such as TNT and DNT, could be realized by Mn2+ doped ZnS34,35, which is mainly attributed to the introduction of the defect energy level. ZnS HNs containing ordered NWs vertically aligned on the surface were prepared via the solution-based route and the resulting sensing performances were manipulated by Mn2+ doping. ZnS HNs with different Mn2+ doping concentrations were fabricated into a sensory array, achieving the rapid, sensitive and recognizable detection towards vapors of the analytes relevant to IEDs, such as urea, urea fertilizer (UF), black powder (BP), PP, SP, and PN, as well as trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 2, 4-Dinitrotoluene (DNT) at room temperature
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