Abstract
The development of magnetic field sensors for biomedical applications primarily focuses on equivalent magnetic noise reduction or overall design improvement in order to make them smaller and cheaper while keeping the required values of a limit of detection. One of the cutting-edge topics today is the use of magnetic field sensors for applications such as magnetocardiography, magnetotomography, magnetomyography, magnetoneurography, or their application in point-of-care devices. This introductory review focuses on modern magnetic field sensors suitable for biomedicine applications from a physical point of view and provides an overview of recent studies in this field. Types of magnetic field sensors include direct current superconducting quantum interference devices, search coil, fluxgate, magnetoelectric, giant magneto-impedance, anisotropic/giant/tunneling magnetoresistance, optically pumped, cavity optomechanical, Hall effect, magnetoelastic, spin wave interferometry, and those based on the behavior of nitrogen-vacancy centers in the atomic lattice of diamond.
Highlights
Nowadays, the rapid progress of micro- and nano-technology exerts its influence on the huge number of scientific developments resulting in improvements in the quality of everyday life [1].Contemporary demands of biological systems diagnostics are for low-cost fabrication methods, flexibility of usage, and the quick obtaining of test results
Being a relatively new kind of magnetometry, the spin wave-based magnetic field sensor has a huge potential for optimization—such as in the geometry of the sensing element
This paper presents the latest research dedicated to well-established and new magnetometry techniques able to be implemented in the field of biomedicine
Summary
The rapid progress of micro- and nano-technology exerts its influence on the huge number of scientific developments resulting in improvements in the quality of everyday life [1]. Biomagnetic sensing covers all requirements more efficiently than many commonly used techniques and has a range of obvious advantages These include measurements on small areas, 3D probe arrangements, and reduction of the background noise signal. Preconcentration, and separation of analytes bonded with the functionalized surface of the particles; Mixing of lateral flows; Creation of contrast in magnetic susceptibility of the biological medium for future sensing This set of features opens doors for completely new applications as well as for the significant improvement of existing methods. The traditional optical methods are not acceptable due to the high background noise or the low sensitivity of detecting devices Because of these reasons, magnetic sensors have been employed [15,16,17]. Recent noteworthy studies of magnetometers suitable for biomagnetic signal detection and point-of-care technologies are summarized
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