Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most prevalent oral diseases, and the diagnosis and monitoring of periodontitis rely on clinical and imaging examinations. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in saliva is a reliable indicator of periodontitis. The traditional detection method is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which requires professional expertise and is not sensitive enough to low-abundance protein detection. In this study, we developed a nanoimmunoassay combined with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated protein (Cas)12a for ultrasensitive detection of MMP-8 in saliva. Antibody-DNA-gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a were employed for signal amplification. With this protocol, the limit of detection (LoD) for MMP-8 was reduced to the fg/mL, indicating 100-fold higher sensitivity than that of the commercial ELISA kit and its amenability for ultrasensitive detection of trace proteins. The diagnostic sensitivity of the assay was 100 %, and the specificity was 83.3 % based on the testing of 23 clinical saliva samples. The sensitivity and specificity were considerably higher than those for ELISA. Thus, this immuno-CRISPR/Cas12a assay holds promise for both diagnosing and monitoring periodontitis in clinical settings.
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