Abstract
BackgroundProduction and consumption of industrially processed food and drink products have risen in parallel with the global increase in overweight and obesity and related chronic non-communicable diseases. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between household availability of processed and ultra-processed products and the prevalence of excess weight (overweight plus obesity) and obesity in Brazil.MethodsThe study was based on data from the 2008–2009 Household Budget Survey involving a probabilistic sample of 55,970 Brazilian households. The units of study were household aggregates (strata), geographically and socioeconomically homogeneous. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between the availability of processed and ultra-processed products and the average of Body Mass Index (BMI) and the percentage of individuals with excess weight and obesity in the strata, controlling for potential confounders (socio-demographic characteristics, percentage of expenditure on eating out of home, and dietary energy other than that provided by processed and ultra-processed products). Predictive values for prevalence of excess weight and obesity were estimated according to quartiles of the household availability of dietary energy from processed and ultra-processed products.ResultsThe mean contribution of processed and ultra-processed products to total dietary energy availability ranged from 15.4% (lower quartile) to 39.4% (upper quartile). Adjusted linear regression coefficients indicated that household availability of ultra-processed products was positively associated with both the average BMI and the prevalence of excess weight and obesity, whereas processed products were not associated with these outcomes. In addition, people in the upper quartile of household consumption of ultra-processed products, compared with those in the lower quartile, were 37% more likely to be obese.ConclusionGreater household availability of ultra-processed food products in Brazil is positively and independently associated with higher prevalence of excess weight and obesity in all age groups in this cross-sectional study.
Highlights
The prevalence of obesity has reached alarming levels in almost all countries of the world [1], [2]
It is commonly stated that the pandemic of obesity is driven by radical changes in the global food system, and in particular since the 1980 s by the increased production, availability, affordability and marketing of processed food and drink products [2], [5], [6]
International authorities increasingly recognize that high levels of consumption of various specific types of processed food or drink products are associated with weight gain and associated chronic non-communicable diseases [7], [8]
Summary
The prevalence of obesity has reached alarming levels in almost all countries of the world [1], [2]. International authorities increasingly recognize that high levels of consumption of various specific types of processed food or drink products are associated with weight gain and associated chronic non-communicable diseases [7], [8]. Food processing as such has been largely ignored in dietary recommendations, dietary assessments, and epidemiological studies. In recent years a classification of foodstuffs based on the extent, nature and purpose of food processing has been developed, and results based on the classification have been published The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between household availability of processed and ultra-processed products and the prevalence of excess weight (overweight plus obesity) and obesity in Brazil
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