Abstract
The paper presents a coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed ultra-miniaturized patch antenna operating in Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band (2.4–2.5 GHz) for biotelemetry applications. The proposed antenna structure is circular in shape and its ground plane is loaded with a pair of slots for obtaining circular polarization. In the proposed design, asymmetric square slots generate phase condition for right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) radiation. And, by merely changing the position of the slots, either RHCP or left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) radiation can be excited. In the proposed design, a meandered central strip is used for miniaturization. The simulations of the proposed antenna are carried out using Ansys HFSS software with a single-layer and multilayer human tissue models. The antenna shows good performance for different tissue properties owing to its wide axial ratio bandwidth and impedance bandwidth. The antenna is fabricated and measurements are carried out in skin mimicking phantom and pork. Simulated and measured performances of the antenna are in close agreement. The power link budget is also calculated using an exterior circularly polarized (CP) receiving antenna.
Highlights
The standard requirement of all implantable medical devices (IMD) is the wireless operation of equipment and bidirectional data communication
The change in resonant frequency could be due to the asymmetric environment of the human body which would have affected the www.nature.com/scientificreports impedance and polarization of the antenna
Compared with the simulated results, the measured results are slightly varying with a negligible shift at the resonant frequency
Summary
Vikrant Kaim[1], Binod Kumar Kanaujia[1], Sachin Kumar[2], Hyun Chul Choi[2], Kang Wook Kim2 ✉ & Karumudi Rambabu[3]. Recent advances in technology lead to the design of small and low-power consuming biomedical devices that can be implanted inside a patient’s body through surgical operation or ingestion. In12–16, dimensions of the antenna are significantly reduced making them best prototypes for implantation, but are prone to multipath fading because of their omnidirectional linearly polarized radiations. Though these antenna designs are highly compact, their gain, and impedance bandwidths are very less. Few antennas reported consist of ground plane as the primary radiator, but most of them are linearly polarized and proposed for wireless applications.
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