Abstract
**Please read the paper on the following link:** https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9158387 **Abstract:** This paper presents a 24-MHz ultralow-power and low-phase-noise complementary Colpitts crystal oscillator. Class-C operation is realized by biasing the oscillator always in the weak-inversion region with the proposed circuit. A Langasite-type CTGS (Ca3TaGa3Si2O14) crystal resonator, with the characteristics different from those of quartz (SiO2), helps to reduce the startup time. An injected-gm-booster is implemented to speed up the oscillation further. Prototype chips in 65-nm CMOS were evaluated with CTGS and quartz resonators. With each type, the lowest steady-state power consumption, and the best jitter FoM have been achieved. With the CTGS resonator, the startup energy as low as 10 nJ has also been achieved.
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