Ultralow Pt Catalyst Loading Prepared by the Electroreduction of a Supramolecular Assembly for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Abstract

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) from the electrocatalysis of water splitting is the most promising approach to producing green and renewable hydrogen energy for sustainable development. The precious metal platinum is the best electrocatalyst for HER. However, its scarcity and high cost still hinder the large-scale application. It is highly desirable to fabricate efficient Pt electrocatalysts with low Pt loading. Herein, we report an efficient ultralow Pt-loading HER catalyst, which was obtained by the electroreduction of a preprepared supramolecular self-assembly. Utilizing the strong hydrogen bonding formation ability of macrocyclic cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), a porous supramolecule (CB[8]-[PtCl6]) composed of [PtCl6]2– and CB[8] is obtained as the HER catalyst precursor. By the electroreduction of the as-prepared supramolecular compound, Pt nanoparticles (NPs) protected by CB[8] (CB[8]-Pt) exhibit high catalytic activity and excellent long-term stability toward HER with ultralow Pt loading. CB[8]-Pt with a Pt loading of only 1.2 μg/cm2 presents 23 times higher HER activity than commercial Pt/C. Moreover, CB[8]-Pt shows excellent stability under 10 000-cycle cyclic voltammetry (CV) and at least 120 h for chronopotentiometry at 10 mA/cm2 in 0.5 M H2SO4, which greatly outperforms commercial Pt/C. This work provides a strategy for the rational design of ultralow-loading Pt catalysts with good activity and stability for hydrogen production.