Ultralow In-Band Phase Noise Injection-Locked Frequency Multiplier Design Based on Open-Loop Frequency Calibration

Abstract

A new design methodology is proposed for an ultralow in-band phase noise injection-locked frequency multiplier (ILFM) based on open-loop frequency calibration. The prototype ILFM was designed and fabricated in the 65-nm CMOS process. Using an open-loop calibrator without a real-time monitoring loop, the ILFM achieved excellent in-band phase noise with low power consumption and a small silicon area. Following the design procedure based on the phase noise analysis, the proposed ILFM showed that the open-loop calibrator was capable of overcoming phase noise degradation due to process-voltage-temperature variations. The output frequency was 3.0 GHz when the oscillator was injection locked by the 15th harmonic of the 200-MHz reference clock. The in-band phase noise performance was -117.0, -122.6, and -124.5 dBc/Hz at 10-, 100-, and 1-MHz offsets, respectively. The total active area was 0.19 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and the power consumption was 8.1 mW.