Ultrahigh-Vacuum Facility for High-Resolution Grazing-Angle X-ray Diffraction at a Vertical Wiggler Source of Synchrotron Radiation

Abstract

A versatile ultrahigh-vacuum chamber has been designed for grazing-angle X-ray standing-wave and diffraction experiments at the vertical wiggler source of the Photon Factory. Unlike at other sources, the vertically polarized X-rays from the wiggler favour the use of a horizontal scattering geometry. The X-ray chamber is equipped with a hemispherical beryllium window, which allows any scattering angle to be attained and secondary emissions to be measured. The chamber is of a compact design, sitting on a precision rotary table which is rotated for scans. Samples are introduced from a portable vessel. The whole procedure can be performed in a vacuum better than 10(-7) Pa. The system has successfully been applied to a grazing-angle X-ray standing-wave experiment, which determined the dimer bond length and the domain structure of Si(001) surfaces deposited with monolayer arsenic.