Abstract
Due to the enhanced demand for numerous electrical energy storage applications, including applications at elevated temperatures, dielectric capacitors with optimized energy storage properties have attracted extensive attention. In this study, a series of lead-free strontium bismuth titanate based relaxor ferroelectric ceramics have been successfully synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The ultrahigh recoverable energy storage density of 4.2 J/cm3 under 380 kV/cm, with the high efficiency of 88%, was obtained in the sample with x = 0.06. Of particular importance is that this ceramic composition exhibits excellent energy storage performance over a wide work temperature up to 150 °C, with strong fatigue endurance and fast discharge speed. All these merits demonstrate the studied ceramic system is a potential candidate for high-temperature capacitors as energy storage devices.
Highlights
Dielectric capacitors have been widely used as energy-storage components in various electronic and electrical applications [1,2], with more focus in high-power and pulse-power applications, because of their higher power density, faster charge–discharge rate, and robustness when compared with fuel cells and batteries [3]
Modern dielectric capacitors are challenged by operating under high-temperature environments, for example, the power inverters used for hybrid vehicles are operated at temperatures over 140 ◦ C [4] and the devices for exploring underground oil or gas are required to withstand temperature over 200 ◦ C [5]
A demand exists for exploration of high temperature dielectric ceramics with good energy storage properties
Summary
Dielectric capacitors have been widely used as energy-storage components in various electronic and electrical applications [1,2], with more focus in high-power and pulse-power applications, because of their higher power density, faster charge–discharge rate, and robustness when compared with fuel cells and batteries [3]. It was reported that bismuth-modified strontium titanate ((Sr0.7 Bi0.2 )TiO3 abbreviated to SBT) dielectric material exhibited strong relaxor-like behavior, showing smeared phase transition temperature and high polarization [14], while the energy storage density of 1.63 J/cm at. Bi(Me0 Me”)O3 concentration, showing improved temperature stability, low dielectric loss, as well as improved energy efficiency [9,19,20,21,22,23] Among these solid solutions, 0.7BaTiO3 –0.3Bi(Mg0.5 Zr0.5 )O3 was found to exhibit high stability over a wide temperature range from −20 ◦ C to 430 ◦ C with low permittivity variation (< ±15%) and relatively low loss (~2%) [24]. The energy efficiency at 200 kV/cm was maintained above 90% over the temperature range of 25 ◦ C to 125 ◦ C, exhibiting an excellent temperature stability
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