Ultrahigh energy density harvested from domain-engineered relaxor ferroelectric single crystals under high strain rate loading

Sergey I Shkuratov,Vladimir G Antipov,Christopher S Lynch,Jason Baird,Wesley Hackenberger,Evgueni F Talantsev,Jay B Chase,Jun Luo,Hwan R Jo

doi:10.1038/srep46758

Abstract

Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals have triggered revolution in electromechanical systems due to their superior piezoelectric properties. Here the results are reported on experimental studies of energy harvested from (1-y-x)Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3–(y)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–(x)PbTiO3 (PIN-PMN-PT) crystals under high strain rate loading. Precise control of ferroelectric properties through composition, size and crystallographic orientation of domains made it possible to identify single crystals that release up to three times more electric charge density than that produced by PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT 52/48) and PbZr0.95Ti0.05O3 (PZT 95/5) ferroelectric ceramics under identical loading conditions. The obtained results indicate that PIN-PMN-PT crystals became completely depolarized under 3.9 GPa compression. It was found that the energy density generated in the crystals during depolarization in the high voltage mode is four times higher than that for PZT 52/48 and 95/5. The obtained results promise new single crystal applications in ultrahigh-power transducers that are capable of producing hundreds kilovolt pulses and gigawatt-peak power microwave radiation.

Highlights

In this paper, the results are reported on experimental studies of energy harvested from domain-engineered PIN-PMN-PT single crystals under high strain rate loading
The results indicate that the depolarization mechanism of PIN-PMN-PT crystals is distinct from those for PZT 52/48 and PZT 95/5
The polarity of the stress-induced charge released by PIN-PMN-PT crystals and PZT 52/48 and 95/5 ceramics under stress (Fig. 2) was identical to the polarity of the surface charge that balanced the remnant polarization. These results indicate that, similar to PZT 52/48 and PZT 95/5 ceramics, the PIN-PMN-PT crystals were depolarized under high strain rate loading

Summary

Introduction

The results are reported on experimental studies of energy harvested from domain-engineered PIN-PMN-PT single crystals under high strain rate loading. It is shown that developed rhombohedral [111]C poled PIN-PMN-PT single-domain crystals possessing highest possible remnant polarization become completely depolarized under high mechanical stress and release electric charge density significantly higher than that for PZT 52/48 and 95/5. The results indicate that the depolarization mechanism of PIN-PMN-PT crystals is distinct from those for PZT 52/48 and PZT 95/5. The obtained results provide the basis to the successful development of a new class of ultrahigh-power transducers and demonstrate a unique ability for precise control of ferrroelectric properties of single crystals through size and crystallographic orientation of domains to fit certain applications that is not achievable with polycrystalline ceramics

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