Ultrafine silk powder from biocompatible surfactant-assisted milling

Abstract

A method for producing silk nanoparticles was presented where a biocompatible surfactant, Tween 80, was used to assist milling. Initially, silk particles with a volume median particle size (d(0.5)) of ~7μm were produced as a precursor, by attritor milling of silk snippets. The precursor particles were subsequently bead milled using 0.5-mm beads and Tween 80 of various concentrations. Silk particles with d(0.5) of ~200nm having a narrow particle size distribution (d(0.9)–d(0.1)=191nm) were produced by employing 30% Tween 80 on the weight of powder (owp). Reducing bead size to 0.05mm did not influence the final d(0.5) significantly. Recovering silk nanoparticles from slurries was carried out using spray drying and freeze drying. Spray drying resulted in particles with d(0.5) of 2–3μm, regardless of the primary particle size in the slurry. Freeze drying induced a much higher level of particle aggregation than spray drying.