Ultrafine particles from combustion sources: approaches to what we want to know

Abstract

Restricted accessMoreSectionsView PDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Cite this article Bockhorn Henning 2000Ultrafine particles from combustion sources: approaches to what we want to knowPhil. Trans. R. Soc. A.3582659–2672http://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0675SectionRestricted accessUltrafine particles from combustion sources: approaches to what we want to know Henning Bockhorn Henning Bockhorn Institut fur Chemische Technik and Engler–Bunte–Institut/Bereich Verbrennungstechnik, Universitat Karlsruhe (TH), Kaiserstrasse 12, D–76128 Karlsruhe, Germany Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Henning Bockhorn Henning Bockhorn Institut fur Chemische Technik and Engler–Bunte–Institut/Bereich Verbrennungstechnik, Universitat Karlsruhe (TH), Kaiserstrasse 12, D–76128 Karlsruhe, Germany Google Scholar Find this author on PubMed Search for more papers by this author Published:15 October 2000https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0675AbstractSoot formation and oxidation will be analysed with respect to the most important processes, namely particle inception, coagulation and surface growth. Time–scales of surface growth are estimated for premixed and diffusion flames and compared with time–scales for coagulation. It turns out that characteristic time–scales for soot formation and coagulation are similar and about one order of magnitude larger than the characteristic time–scales for combustion reactions and much smaller than the time–scales of molecular transport.Coagulation processes will be discussed in detail and a detailed chemistry approach for surface growth will be presented. The detailed information will be put into a soot model that reproduces a number of phenomena in sooting premixed hydrocarbon flames, for example:(i) the dependence of surface growth and oxidation rates on the chemical ‘environment’ of soot particles; and(ii) the fraction of soot formed by particle inception and surface growth reactions and addition of polyacrylic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH).The ‘fine structure’ of soot is not resolved by this approach, and, furthermore, the predictions depend sensitively on information about the kinetics of growth of PAHlike structures, the detailed processes occurring on the surface of soot particles, and, most importantly, the pressure dependence of all these processes. Previous ArticleNext Article VIEW FULL TEXT DOWNLOAD PDF FiguresRelatedReferencesDetailsCited by Makonese T, Masekameni D, Annegarn H and Forbes P (2015) Influence of fuel-bed temperatures on CO and condensed matter emissions from packed-bed residential coal combustion 2015 International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy (DUE), 10.1109/DUE.2015.7102964, 978-0-9922-0419-8, (63-69) Zhang X, Chen Y, Wei H, Qin Y, Hao Y, Zhu Y, Deng F and Guo X (2014) Ultrafine carbon black attenuates the antihypertensive effect of captopril in spontaneously hypertensive rats, Inhalation Toxicology, 10.3109/08958378.2014.965558, 26:14, (853-860), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2014. Shiu R, Chin W and Lee C (2014) Carbonaceous particles reduce marine microgel formation, Scientific Reports, 10.1038/srep05856, 4:1 Ochoterena R (2009) The interpretation of the LII signal in optically dense combusting sprays, Applied Physics B, 10.1007/s00340-009-3664-z, 96:4, (695-707), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2009. Thomson K, Johnson M, Snelling D and Smallwood G (2008) Diffuse-light two-dimensional line-of-sight attenuation for soot concentration measurements, Applied Optics, 10.1364/AO.47.000694, 47:5, (694), Online publication date: 10-Feb-2008. Yamamoto S, Tin-Tin-Win-Shwe , Ahmed S, Kobayashi T and Fujimaki H (2006) Effect of ultrafine carbon black particles on lipoteichoic acid-induced early pulmonary inflammation in BALB/c mice, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 10.1016/j.taap.2005.11.007, 213:3, (256-266), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2006. Xi J and Zhong B (2006) Soot in Diesel Combustion Systems, Chemical Engineering & Technology, 10.1002/ceat.200600016, 29:6, (665-673), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2006. This Issue15 October 2000Volume 358Issue 1775Discussion Meeting Issue ‘Ultrafine particles in the atmosphere’ organized by L. M. Brown, N. Collings, R. M. Harrison, A. D. Maynard and R. L. Maynard Article InformationDOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0675Published by:Royal SocietyPrint ISSN:1364-503XOnline ISSN:1471-2962History: Published online15/10/2000Published in print15/10/2000 License: Citations and impact KeywordsSoot Formation Soot Oxidation Coagulation Surface Growth