Abstract
In order to realize the high value-added resource utilization of solid waste and reduce the cost of rubber manufacturing, iron ore tailings (IOTs) were used as raw material to prepare a reinforcing filler of rubber through ultrafine grinding and surface organic modification techniques. We studied the effects of ball mill grinding conditions on the particle size and distribution of grinded iron ore tailings (G-IOTs). The effects of bis-(triethoxy-silyl-propyl)-tetrasulfide (Si69)-modified G-IOT (Si69-G-IOT) loading levels on the cure characteristics, static mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites were also explored in this paper. The grinding and modification mechanism of IOTs and the combination of filler and SBR matrix were explored by grinding simulation of population balance model, X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that when grinding IOTs at 2000 r/min for 150 min, the particle size distribution of the resulting G-IOTs was the narrowest, with a D90 value of 4.42 μm. The tensile strength and elongation at break of SBR filled with 120 phr Si69-G-IOT were 14.97 MPa and 596.36%, respectively.
Highlights
Filler is the main raw material of the rubber industry
We explored the effects of ball milling speed and grinding time on the specific surface area and particle size distribution of G-iron ore tailings (IOTs)
Since styrene butadiene rubber (SBR)/120 Si69-grinded iron ore tailings (G-IOTs) had the maximum value of tensile strength
Summary
Filler is the main raw material of the rubber industry. It can enhance the performance of rubber composites but reduce the amount of rubber raw materials required for production. Many researchers have studied the effects of reinforcement with silane-grafted clay minerals on the mechanical properties of synthetic rubber composites. The mechanical properties of synthetic rubber have been significantly improved by filling large amount of clay minerals. Microfine iron tailings have been researched as a filling for thermoplastic because of their fine particle size, high stiffness and similar composition to that of clay minerals. Piffer et al [33] filled maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene with IOT and found that the crystallinity of the prepared composite was improved These studies proved that IOT was a promising raw material for polymer fillers, in which prepared polymer composites may find applications in insulation and shock absorption of electrical equipment. We used microfine IOT particles with composition and structure is similar to those of clay minerals as raw materials to prepare reinforcing filler through ultrafine grinding and surface organic modification techniques. Further investigation focused on the effects of different filler loadings on SBR reinforcement
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