Abstract
We have designed and implemented a femtosecond X-ray split and delay unit based on grazing incidence Mach-Zehnder optics at the Free-Electron Laser at Hamburg (FLASH) which generates through the SASE mechanism intense, coherent soft X-ray radiation. We achieve a variable delay of ±5.1ps at sub fs-resolution. In our experiments we have explored the longitudinal coherence through optical fringe formation, autocorrelation with two photon photoe-mission, nuclear wave packet dynamics in molecular nitrogen as well as first femtosecond time resolved X-ray emission in solids to study electron dynamics.
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