Abstract
This paper reports a new design of a tunable optoelectronic half adder/subtractor. Two photonic crystal (PhC) ring resonators are used to realize the proposed structure. Several silicon rods surrounded by silica rods covered with graphene nanoshells (GNSs) form every PhC ring resonator. Setting the chemical potential of GNS with an appropriate gate voltage, we can tune the PhC resonant mode as desired. The plane wave expansion technique is used to study the photonic band structure of the fundamental PC microstructure, and the finite-difference time-domain method is employed in the final design for solving Maxwell's equations to analyze the light propagation inside the structure. We systematically study the effects of physical parameters on the transmission reflection and absorption spectra. By optimizing the geometric dimensions, resonant absorption peaks can be excited at the same time for GNSs. Our numerical results also reveal the maximum time response is about 0.8 ps. The 200 µm2 area of the proposed half adder/subtractor makes it the building block of every photonic integrated circuit. Also, the design of various fast signal processing systems in optical communication networks is possible due to using tunable GNSs in PhC ring resonators. This study can introduce the use of two-dimensional materials in the design and implementation of logic circuits.
Highlights
Graphene is one of the most desirable two-dimensional (2D) materials from the ultraviolet to terahertz frequency ranges
Flexible tunability is crucial to design and investigate optical communication circuits, and this demand is possible by graphene plasmons (GPs)
This paper proposes a novel design of an optoelectronic half adder/subtractor to overcome the mentioned issues
Summary
Graphene is one of the most desirable two-dimensional (2D) materials from the ultraviolet to terahertz frequency ranges. An ultrafast all-optical half adder with a total footprint of 249.75 μm was proposed by Hosseinzadeh Sani et al [27] Their structure contained two power regulators, two nonlinear ring resonators, and several waveguides. The desired resonance wavelength was tuned by adjusting the linear and nonlinear rods' radii Their simulation results revealed that the delay time of their designed half adder is about 3.6 ps. One of our structure's advantages compared to similar studies was the nonuse of high nonlinear dielectric rods This resulted in no need to increase the input power to divert the incoming light emission to the desired output. This paper proposes a novel design of an optoelectronic half adder/subtractor to overcome the mentioned issues It is achieved by using graphene nanoshell (GNS) material in two PhC ring resonators.
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