Ultrafast removal of Cu(II) by a novel hierarchically structured faujasite-type zeolite fabricated from lithium silica fume

Abstract

Novel hierarchically structured Faujasite Type (FAU) zeolite was fabricated from industrial waste lithium silica fume (LSF) via hydrothermal method without the addition of templates. The FAU zeolites exhibited spherical filler morphology with maximum surface area of 372.8 m2/g, enriched microporosity (0.164 cm3/g), and abundant mesoporosity. Owing to its unique structure, the FAU zeolite allowed ultrafast diffusion and rapid trap of copper ion inside the cages of zeolite crystals, and achieved maximum removal (78.76%) of Cu(II) within the very first 2 min, with adsorption rate constant 5.46–6.27 times greater than that of mesoporous commercial zeolite (CZ) between 15 and 45 °C. The physico-chemical structures of the FAU zeolites were carefully studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR), surface area analyzer (BET) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The maximum qe toward Cu(II) achieved by FAU zeolite (i.e., Z9, S/A of 9) featuring a qe of 94.46 mg/g at 25 °C as per calculated from Langmuir model, which is more than twice amount achieved by CZ (39.15 mg/g). Z9 also showed outstanding selectivity for Cu(II) over various coexisting ions. The saturated Z9 can be regenerated with a mild washing procedure, and the spent zeolite can be reused as effective antibacterial agent. This work proposes a cost-effective and green synthesis route for the hierarchically structured zeolite with high copper selective removal capacity from industrial waste.