Abstract
We report the spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) effect for solution dispersions of black phosphorus (BP). The experimental results suggest that this concentration-dependent coherent light diffraction is due to the ultrafast and large third-order optical nonlinearity of BP. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility of BP has been simply obtained about 10−19 m2/V2 by analyzing the experimental results. The fast relaxation time during dynamic relaxation is obtained as 0.13 ps. Our experimental results imply novel potential application of BP in ultrafast nonlinear phase modulation devices based on their nonlinear optical response.
Highlights
Low dimensional optical materials with ultrafast response and strong nonlinearity have exhibited novel physics and tremendous application potential in optical communication, optical sensing, medical diagnosis, etc[1,2,3,4,5,6]
We studied the phenomenon of spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM) for solution dispersions of black phosphorus (BP) under different concentration and laser intensity
Uniform few-layer BP dispersions have been prepared by the liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) method, which is a simple and effective technique to prepare two dimensional (2D) materials from layered bulk crystals towards multiple layered structures
Summary
Low dimensional optical materials with ultrafast response and strong nonlinearity have exhibited novel physics and tremendous application potential in optical communication, optical sensing, medical diagnosis, etc[1,2,3,4,5,6]. Suess et al reported the anisotropic carrier dynamic with faster time to be ~180 ps at 780 nm in BP, which may be induced by hot carriers cooling[19] In another aspect, the third-order nonlinear optical responses of BP have been investigated and characterized via Z-scan technique, third-harmonic generation (THG) method, etc[24,25,26]. Besides Z-scan and THG methods, spatial self-phase modulation (SSPM), a phenomenon that the intensity dependence of the refractive index in nonlinear optical media occurs, is a manifestation of the coherent response of the material. SSPM was originally observed in liquid-crystal[29, 30], later in nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) solutions[31], graphene[32], graphene oxide[33], topological insulators[34], transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs)[35, 36] and many other materials While this manuscript was in preparation, a relevant work was published[37]. The third-order nonlinear refractive index of BP was and exactly obtained by analyzing the experimental results
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