Abstract
AbstractWith the availability of off-the-shelf commercial ultrafast lasers, a small revolution in materials research is underway, as it is now possible to use these tools without being an expert in the development of the tools themselves. Lasers with short-duration optical pulses—in the sub-picosecond (less than one-trillionth of a second) range—are finding a variety of applications, from basic research on fast processes in materials to new methods for microfabrication by direct writing. A huge range of pulse energies are being used in these applications, from less than 1 nJ (a billionth of a joule) to many joules.
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