Abstract
In this paper we provide a comprehensive view on the ultrafast conduction dynamics in graphene and graphene nanostructures. We show that ultrafast conduction in graphene can be well understood within a simple thermodynamic picture, by taking into account the dynamical interplay between electron heating and cooling, with the driving electric field acting as a supplier of thermal energy to graphene electron population. At the same time, the conductive properties of graphene nanostructures, such as graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), can be well explained within the concept typical for disordered materials, such as e.g. organic semiconductors - the conduction by the free charge experiencing long-range localization.
Highlights
Owing to its outstanding electrical and thermal properties, graphene is considered extremely promising for high-speed electronics [1]
In this paper we present a comprehensive picture of ultrafast conduction of graphene, which shows that intrinsic conductivity of graphene under high-frequency modulation is radically different from that observed in static conditions
We have presented a comprehensive picture of ultrafast THz carrier dynamics in graphene and graphene nanostructures
Summary
Owing to its outstanding electrical and thermal properties, graphene is considered extremely promising for high-speed electronics [1]. The field effect in graphene, i.e. the change in conductivity induced by an externally applied gate potential, which is crucial for transistor operation, was demonstrated in 2004 [3, 4]. A graphene transistor operating at the frequency as high as ∼400 GHz was recently demonstrated [5], and the ambition in the industry is to reach the terahertz (THz) operation regime. Thermodynamic model, reveal that the high-frequency electron transport in graphene is governed by a remarkably efficient intra-band carrier heating by strong THz fields. The thermodynamic model not requiring any knowledge of microscopic electron kinetics, perfectly well describes the entirety of our experimental data on THz conductivity of graphene, which includes the THz photoconductivity. We discuss the photoconductivity in graphene nanostructures such as graphene nanoribbons (GNRa) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which is governed by the laws typical for disordered materials, such as e.g. organic semiconductors - the conduction by the free charge experiencing long-range localization
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