Abstract
By utilizing the ultrafast dynamics of the photo-excited electrons in graphene, we theoretically present an ultrafast all-optical plasmonic modulator. With the help of an external pump, the femtosecond thermodynamics of the hot carriers can tune the Fermi level of the graphene sheet in less than 1ps, which is the dependence of the support for the surface plasmonic wave. This device shows the ability to operate from the near-infrared regime to the far-infrared spectrum with the extinction ratio over 10dB and the pump fluence of 0.41 mJ/cm2. Such an ultrafast modulator may pave the way for designing the ultrahigh speed integrated photonics circuits.
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