Ultra-Widefield Retinal Imaging for Analyzing the Association Between Types of Pathological Myopia and Posterior Staphyloma.

Suzuki Suzuki,Torii Torii,Nagai Nagai,Minami Minami,Mimura Mimura,Tsubota Tsubota,Kurihara Kurihara,Ozawa Ozawa,Mori Mori

doi:10.3390/jcm8101505

Abstract

High myopia may develop to pathologic myopia, which brings severe visual impairment; however, the etiology is not fully understood. We, therefore, investigated the relationship between the presence of posterior staphyloma and posterior ocular disorders by assessing the patients with high myopia. A retrospective study was performed for the patients, who have more than 26 mm of the axial length and of whom fundus photography was taken with an ultra-widefield retinal imaging system. The objectives were 138 cases encompassing 229 eyes. In 138 cases, 91 were bilateral and 47 were unilateral. The averages ± SD of axial length of bilateral and unilateral were 28.8 ± 2.2 mm, 27.3 ± 1.2 mm, respectively, showing statistically significant difference. The number of eyes with and without posterior staphyloma were 107 (46.7%) and 122 (53.3%), respectively. Retinal detachment and retinal breaks are more observed in cases without posterior staphyloma (p = 0.017). Myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) (p = 0.002), chorioretinal atrophy (p < 0.001), retinoschisis (p < 0.001), and optic neuropathy (p = 0.038) are more often seen in cases with posterior staphyloma. In conclusion, the prevalence rates of myopic choroidal neovascularization, retinal choroidal atrophy, and optic neuropathy were significantly higher with posterior staphyloma. The rate of periocular disorders such as retinal detachment was significantly higher without posterior staphyloma. These results indicate associations between types of pathological myopia and presence or absence of posterior staphyloma analyzed by ultra-widefield retinal imaging.

Highlights

The prevalence of myopia has been recently increasing, and it is remarkable especially in the East Asian countries including Japan
This study demonstrated that in the eyes with 26 mm or more of the axial length bilateral cases were more prevalent and the axial length of bilateral cases was longer (Table 2), and that lesions in the posterior pole are more prevalent with posterior staphyloma and the periocular disorders are
This study demonstrated that in the eyes with 26 mm or more of the axial length bilateral cases were more prevalent and the axial length of bilateral cases was longer (Table 2), and that lesions in the posterior pole are more prevalent with posterior staphyloma and the periocular disorders are more prevalent without posterior staphyloma (Table 4)

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence of myopia has been recently increasing, and it is remarkable especially in the East Asian countries including Japan. With the increase in the number of myopia cases, it is anticipated that the prevalence of high myopia will increase as well. As many as 0.9 billion people, approximately 10% of the world population, are estimated to have high myopia [1]. Along with the increase of high myopia population, ocular disorders associated with high myopia are expected to increase. There are some concerns regarding medical and surgical costs, which stimulate the understanding of the mechanism of high myopia and its prevention. High myopia gives rise to several myopia-related ocular disorders leading to severe visual impairments by elongation of the axial length which is the anteroposterior length of the eye [2]. High myopia, and pathologic myopia are enthusiastically pursued, there are practically few measures to prevent the progression of myopia

Objectives

Methods

Findings

Conclusion