Abstract
We introduce a realistic frequency-dependent channel model for ultra-wideband (UWB) communication systems and develop a generalized broadband Capon spatial spectrum estimator for localization of multiple incoherently distributed scattering clusters. The proposed estimator is able to address the three crucial features of practical UWB impulse propagation: presence of local scattering for multiple incoherently distributed clusters, wideband array signals, and frequency-dependent dispersive effects. The particle-swarm optimization, which is a recently invented high-performance optimizer based on the movement and intelligence of swarms, is then implemented to perform a multidimensional parameter search to jointly estimate the source central angles, the polynomial regression coefficients for angle spreads, and the frequency-dependence of various clusters. Numerical experiments are also carried out to examine the performance of the algorithm under various environments and model mismatches.
Highlights
The emerging ultra-wideband (UWB) technology demands much research effort to achieve improved operational capabilities and cost-effective system solutions for broad commercial and military applications [1]
When σi is smaller than a threshold value δ, a minimum is identified. δ is a more intuitive and tunable parameter than κ and is less problem-dependent. Another difficulty is that most stochastic optimization algorithms including particle-swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) suffer from the curse of dimensionality, which implies that the performance deteriorates as the dimensionality of the search space increases. This phenomenon may arise in UWB source localization problems when there is a large number of scattering centers, each of them exhibiting a high-order angle spread (AS) variation pattern
This paper introduced a new method for estimating the angular information of UWB sources and frequencydependence of the underlying propagation modes
Summary
The emerging ultra-wideband (UWB) technology demands much research effort to achieve improved operational capabilities and cost-effective system solutions for broad commercial and military applications [1]. The UWB system structure features three distinct characteristics: presence of large angle spreads for multiple incoherently distributed scattering clusters, wideband array signals, and frequency-dependent dispersive effects. Motivated by these facts, in this paper, we extend the simple yet accurate generalized Capon estimator for narrowband stationary signals [17] to UWB scenarios based on a realistic signal/channel model in the angular-frequency domain.
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