Abstract
The detection of Cd (II) and Pb (II) ions have been done by modifying the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with graphene oxide (GO) mixed ionic liquid (IL) (BMIM-PF₆) and nafion binder. The developed nanocomposite film combines the advantages of graphene and ionic liquid for enhanced detection. The estimated sensitivity for Cd (II) was 0.0711 µA/ppb and limit of detection found to be 0.33 ppb in the concentration range of 2.4–70 ppb. The effect of deposition potential (Dp), deposition time (Dt) and stirring speed(S) have been carried out for the response of Cd (II) current signal. The estimated sensitivity for Pb (II) was 0.0371 µA/ppb and limit of detection value of 0.42 ppb found in the linear calibration range of 5–15 ppb. Further the study of interaction effect of independent parameters (Dp, Dt, S) has also been studied by designing the experiment based on Box-Behnken design. The RSM modeling and optimization of process parameters for Cd (II) current response by IL/GO/GCE electrode was carried out with suitable empirical model. This developed sensor exhibited selective, good stability and reproducibility that could be explored for environmental, food and pharmaceutical analysis.
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